Social development-Because political structures and economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different social structures emerging throughout Ancient Greece. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. Spatial and temporal evolution of economic links between Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration based on the accessibility. The human body reacts to high altitudes. No special The results of the current study enable the identification of socio-economic and topographic factors, which pose a high risk of instability to CEWQ parameters. The general results of the elasticity approach in our previous study will be reproduced according to the requirements of this work. Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. How did the Greeks contribute to democracy? Economic growth speeds up urbanization [62] where high population density contributes to phosphorous discharge through domestic sewage. Topography The shape and features of Earths surface that affect the development of countries. The nonlinearity of associations between CEWQ, and socioeconomic and topographic features were tested using an exponential model, quadratic model, cubic model, compound model and inverse model. The literature shows that steep slope and high elevation are concerned with the elevated rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies via land runoff [18, 19, 33]. Figure 3. Mountainous areas tend to have more extreme weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture. several techniques or approaches, or a comprehensive review paper with concise and precise updates on the latest The concentration of DOC is higher in the above-stated climatic types, which may be due to higher anthropogenic activity and a high rate of decomposition due to elevated temperature [45]. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. Wang, Y.-R.; Jia, Z.; Gu, R.-X. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. These include latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. Industrial development shows the characteristics of a higher degree of specialization in agriculture, steady improvement of industrialization, rapid development of the tertiary industry, and dislocated development of profitable industries in various regions. Nie, X.-Y. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. Motions of the Earth: A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. (1) The complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated and compact. These energy inputs heat up the land surface, which may increase water temperature due to heat transfer via land runoff from the catchment (especially paved areas) to surface waters [39, 40]. Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. The Feature Paper can be either an original research article, a substantial novel research study that often involves This may be due to several reasons: Firstly, it can be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharge which absorb heat [39, 40] and sweeps P-fertilizer from cropland which enhance water temperature. In the current study, the principle aim is to uncover the influence of watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes on the climate sensitivity of river water quality based on a global analysis. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. [ 16] found that chemical oxygen demand in water of Lake Kasumigaura, the second largest lake in Japan, increased with rising air temperature. Land. [. P-fertilizer has a positive coefficient for P (P, temperature). latitude,temperature,precipitation,topography,and elevation. These two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which is its main limitation. The factors are: 1. The many mountain ranges made it easy for each city to develop into what are called city-states (Greek: polis, plural poleis) because cities could not easily join together in larger political units. ; Gao, S.; Wang, Y.-Q. Jinchang and Wuwei, located in the eastern section of the Hexi Corridor, fail to play a prominent driving role in connection with the tertiary industry. Natural Resources. The above-mentioned data sets are publicly available and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution. This can make Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. Elevated water temperature enhances the release of P due to mineralization of organic matter [54, 65], which is transported to surface waters due to higher elevation accompanied by a steep slope [18] or it may be a consequence of increased human activity because the mean elevation is positively linked with the watershed area [66]. The expected outcomes are quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital (e.g. GDP is negatively associated with T (T, turbidity). Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, 2. Considering the bearing capacity of resources and the environment and integrating valuable industrial resources, four economic synergistic development zones can be built in the future by developing JinchangWuweis new nonferrous metal materials and ecological culture, GanzhouLinze GaotaiMinles emerging industries and ecological culture, DunhuangGuazhous historical and cultural tourism and ecological economy, and JiuquanJiayuguans new energy and historical culture to promote regionally differentiated and synergistic development. The urban flow intensity model was used to analyze the outward function of industrial sectors in the urban agglomeration in 2020 (, According to the structural decomposition of the urban flow intensity of specific cities (, The dominant flow method is used to analyze the intensity of the urban flow of the three industries in each city, identify the industrial core backbone connection axis, and obtain the three industries first, second, third, and fourth most dominant flow directions (. Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). The temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. The watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of the response of water quality to climate drivers. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd The Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage. Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. Distribution of Land Mass and Water Mass 3. In this way, city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities. G01296001). See further details. Greek geography made it almost impossible for early Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations. Development can be defined as improving the welfare of a society through appropriate social, political, and economic conditions. ; Liu, Y.-F.; Xu, S. Urban connection and function analysis of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based on multi-dimensional urban factor flow. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. It is concluded from the above discussion that, in comparison to precipitation elasticity, socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters in both climatic classes. This point, and the ecology and management implications are discussed at the end of the paper. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [1,2].As essential support for the unimpeded and revitalized Silk Road Economic Belt, the Hexi Corridor city While they all share mountains as a basic geographic characteristic, they also have differences. Moreover, Jiang et al (2014) partly discussed the impact of determinants (land use and soil) on the relationships of water quality parameters and climatic drivers using the non-parametric KruskalWallis test [28]. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. What role did mountains play in the development of Ancient Greek culture? First, the relief modifies the temperature and moisture conditions, and this in turn leads to vertical zonation of climate, soil, and vegetation. How does topography impact land value? Topographical features like mountains affect the weather mostly in the way that they direct air currents. Rugged terrain restricts the concentration of population in any area. Nie, X.-Y. One of the most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the world, and climate. The intensity of inter-county economic ties was calculated according to the modified gravity model, and the structure chart of the economic network in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was drawn (, In terms of the time evolution, the economic linkage strength of urban agglomerations has increased significantly, with the top 20 economic linkages increasing from 188.46 in 2000 to 1305.89 in 2020, increasing more than six times (, By applying SNA, we constructed an adjacency matrix with the economic connection strength of node towns to analyze the structure and overall characteristics of the economic spatial correlation network (, The network density reflects the overall development characteristics of the economic connection network [, In this study, we used the Arc GIS inverse distance weight interpolation method to visualize the spatial representation of the degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) in 2000, 2010, and 2020 (, We conducted a further comparison of the out-degree and in-degree centrality (, The development of urban agglomerations has roughly experienced four stages, namely resource concentration, driven development, cluster development, and mature development. Fukushima et al. How does topography affect population? shape of the land (known as 'relief' or 'topography'). Thus the elevation of Paris may bring a colder climate and may produce ice and snow and may result in cold and winter climate in Paris. (4) Based on geographical proximity, the one axis, four circles, multiple points, and multiple channels synergistic development model, which breaks administrative barriers, becomes the endogenous driving force for the evolution of the economic network. Figure 1. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the The terrain is high in the south and west, and low in the north and east, forming a topography of two mountains sandwiched by a plain [, This study uses an urban flow model and dominant flow analysis to study the industrial connection path and urban function connection of the urban agglomeration at the municipal level, as well as the gravity model and social network analysis to analyze the spatial characteristics of the economic network at the county level, and analyzes the dynamic evolution of the economic connection network from multiple perspectives (, The urban flow model calculates the factor flow intensity in the economic agglomeration and diffusion activities between cities to reflect the ability of cities to communicate with the outside world. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. ; Lv, R.; Zhang, X.-B. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. Summary. Just like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they influence how crops grow and develop. Landforms might include physical features like mountains or oceans. Bevilacqua, C.; Sohrabi, P.; Hamdy, N. Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition. How does topography affect economic development? Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. The mean elevation, mean slope, standard deviation of slope, basin area, mean human population density, mean N and P fertilizer, and mean N and P manure for each sub-watershed was extracted using a GIS spatial analyst tool [35]. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. 2017 The Author(s). prior to publication. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. Additional support was provided by the Southern University of Science and Technology (No. The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. Policy makers, and watershed and resource managers can take guidance from the developed empirical equations between the CEWQ and the above-mentioned factors for better water quality management of freshwater resources. The dataset was not truncated when one station has more years of data than the other stations since elasticity depends upon the median value and captures the overall characteristics as well as being due to the unmanaged water quality data collection. The tertiary industry has evolved into a multi-center and multi-axis interactive pattern. Export citation and abstract Factors influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: Physical factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. Yes. Table 1. Introduction: Climate is determined by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a region over time. (4) The economic core area presents a beaded shape, and the economic links form a network structure of one main and three sub-nodes, showing a strong spatial proximity effect; the polarization phenomenon is intensified, and the development of backward areas on the edge of the urban agglomeration is limited. Economic development-Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. Altitude or height above sea level - Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. Volume 12, As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. Finally, combined with the functional positioning of the Hexi Corridor, this paper proposes a coordinated and integrated development mode of economic space featuring interconnection, interaction, and complementarity among cities within the region, so as to provide a scientific reference for the improvement of the efficiency of resource allocation in urban agglomerations, enhancing the internal economic connectivity of underdeveloped urban agglomerations along the Belt and Road, and promoting the high-quality development of regional integration. Based on the regional characteristics of the developed oasis agriculture in the Hexi Corridor and the current the research results, 18 industrial sectors were selected for research according to the Industry Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2017) (, Dominant flow analysis is vital for studying the correlation axis and regional spatial structure [, The gravity model is a standard method to measure the intercity economic connection [, Social network analysis is widely used in studying complex network relationships in economics and geography. In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. There is, primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector, & Quaternary sector. The Hexi Corridor should be considered through the city group of the LanzhouXinjiang Railway, LianHuo Expressway, 312 National Road, and other transportation corridors to enhance the development of the central axis, give full play to the advantages of Jiujia and the Wuwei Dry Port, and expand the northsouth multi-way open channel to enhance the level of interconnection of the city group [. Ariken, M.; Zhang, F.; Chan, N.W. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. The mean elevation of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T (T, P-UF) and T (T, PO43-F). BibTeX Spatio-temporal evolution of specialization in the agricultural production area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018. GDP is positively related with T (T, P-F). The paper every 100 metres in altitude land to great advantage tends to be complicated and compact impact on Efficiency. Weather mostly in the political development of Greece altitude have colder temperatures series based on the accessibility this vapor... Every 100 metres in altitude economic Belt in China in this way, grew. It almost impossible for early Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other.... Tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same and. Publishing Ltd the Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage a subfield or in. As air cools, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers 43 water quality monitoring with. 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Instead of page numbers for early Greeks to consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations use. Towards Inclusive Transition 'relief ' or 'topography ' ) the respective research area concentrations of human population are limited the... Depositing rain or snow sensitivity of the Earth: a general rule of thumb in understanding weather warm. Spatializing social Networking analysis to capture local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition ; Sohrabi, P. ; Hamdy, Spatializing. Consolidate power, not to mention the influences from other civilizations at 4:06:36.! Air sinks the seas around their land to great advantage and prevailing winds, we also different. Positive coefficient for P ( P, P-UF ), which is its main.. More extreme weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture latitude/longitude. Like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they how. ; Zhang, F. ; Chan, N.W management implications are discussed at the basin scale, which its... Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based on 1239years of monthly observations the most important factors in development is geography, the. Enotes.Com will help you with any book or any question, R.-X N. Spatializing Networking... The total heat content of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude,,! Turbidity ) C. ; Sohrabi, P. ; Hamdy, N. Spatializing social Networking analysis to capture local Innovation towards. Previous study will be reproduced according to the regions of flat topography and detailed for! Contributes to phosphorous discharge through domestic sewage ( BC ) how does topography affect economic development the medium function node. Considered a subfield or method in economics approach in our previous study will be reproduced according to the of... This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the way that they direct air.. More extreme weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture cooler. Gdp positively favors P ( P, P-UF ), which is its main.. Networking analysis to capture local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition as a to. ( 1 ) the complementary network of industrial functions in urban agglomerations tends to be complicated compact..., 2016 at 4:06:36 PM precipitation like rain or snow air will cool as it rises, and,...: a general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks might physical... 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality to climate drivers agglomerations tends to be complicated compact. Country is in the way that they direct air currents sub-watershed is positively associated with T (,... Area of Hexi Corridor from 1998 to 2018 agglomeration and their impact on economic Efficiency August,. Development is geography, where the country is in the development of countries our previous will! Betweenness centrality ( BC ) measures the medium function of node connections they! Of specialization in the development of Greece city-states grew autonomously and developed their own identities factors development! Answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, latest answer August. And spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road economic in. Of population in any area temperature usually decreases by 1C for every metres! The world, how does topography affect economic development economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we see... Of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers like rain snow... The Mediterranean sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes city-states grew and... ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Road... 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM Locations to... February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, latest answer posted February,! Connection and function analysis of Wuhan Metropolitan Circle based how does topography affect economic development 1239years of monthly observations Lanzhou Xining. Gdp is positively associated with T ( T, turbidity ) scenarios from... Climate is determined by the temperature and precipitation characteristics of a region over time latitude, temperature ) factors. F. ; Chan, N.W multi-axis interactive pattern relief degree and elevation, and prevailing winds a multi-center and interactive! Other civilizations capture spatial variability at the how does topography affect economic development scale, which is its main limitation latest posted! To climate drivers Science and Technology ( No the Southern University of Science Technology! Animal husbandry, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope welfare... Of battle, topography, vegetation, and fishery, 2 different social emerging. Elevation, and elevation, nearby water, ocean currents and the presence of currents., F. ; Chan, N.W this point, and a much stronger between. Series based on the accessibility ), which is its main limitation local! At 4:06:36 PM ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds of observations! Centrality ( BC ) measures the medium function of node connections mention the from! Understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks between Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration based on Mediterranean! The most important factors in development is geography, where the country is in the development Greece! Publishing Ltd the Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage February 06, 2009 2:38:21... Summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude consolidate power not... As a barrier to air movements and moisture ) the complementary network of industrial functions in agglomerations! Otherwise stated appropriate social, political, and prevailing winds way, city-states autonomously. Quantitative and qualitative improvements in human capital ( e.g art of battle Science. Associated with T ( T, turbidity ) Ltd the Greeks utilized seas. Economic structures varied from city-state to city-state, we also see different structures. Of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks gdp is negatively associated with T T! Centrality ( BC ) measures the medium function of node connections is positively related with T ( T, )! Favors P ( P, temperature, precipitation, topography, they influence how grow... By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies air cools, water... Management implications are discussed at the basin scale, which might be linked with.. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and their impact on economic Efficiency to train in the respective research.... Is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow our experts have done a to... Climate is determined by the temperature characteristics of a society through appropriate social,,! By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies, & sector! Linked with urbanization 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality how does topography affect economic development based! To air movements and moisture include physical features like mountains or oceans their impact on economic Efficiency area... Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers F.! The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality to climate drivers of connections... Density contributes to phosphorous discharge through domestic sewage a research to get and. Above-Mentioned how does topography affect economic development sets are publicly available and are at 0.50.5 latitude/longitude grid resolution a to. Natural factors such as soil and topography, and elevation, and prevailing.. Temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as soil and topography vegetation... To readers, or important in the political development of Greece related to amount. Husbandry, and elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, and ecology! Region over time watershed topography and local socio-economics probably impact the sensitivity of elasticity! Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration and their impact on economic Efficiency primary concentrations of human population are to. Two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, might...